Mobile phones are everywhere and they are consuming more and more of our time. Could this be having an effect on family life? The researchers who conducted this study wanted to investigate how cell phones might influence the interactions of parents and children. The researchers used a nonparticipant, covert observational method by watching a total of 55 caregivers eating with …
Exam Question Bank: Paper 1: Biological Approach
Paper One has two sections – A and B. In Section A you have three compulsory short answer questions, one from each approach (biological, cognitive and sociocultural). In Section B, you have three exam questions, also one from each approach and you answer only one. This means you should prep all core approach topics for SAQs and you can choose one …
Exam Question Bank: HL Extension SocCult – Globalization
One, two or all three essay questions in Paper 1, Section B will be based on the extension topics. Sociocultural Approach: Globalization Remember that the extension questions are created by combining the HL extension topics with the three topics in each of the approaches. Sociocultural extension topics: “The influence of globalization on individual behaviour.” How globalization may influence behaviour The …
Exam Question Bank: HL Extension Cog – Technology & Cognition
One, two or all three essay questions in Paper 1, Section B will be based on the extension topics. Cognitive Approach: Technology and Cognition Remember that the extension questions are created by combining the HL extension topics with the three topics in each of the approaches. Cognitive extension topics: “Cognitive processing in the digital world.” The influence of digital technology …
Exam Question Bank: HL Extension Bio – Animal Studies
One, two or all three essay questions in Paper 1, Section B will be based on the extension topics. Biological Approach: Animal Research Remember that the extension questions are created by combining the HL extension topics with the three topics in each of the approaches. Biological extension topics: “The role of animal research in understanding human behaviour” The value of …
Key study: “On being sane in insane place” (Rosenhan, 1973)
Rosenhan’s famous study attempted to demonstrate the unreliable nature of psychiatric diagnosis in the 1970s and how poorly patients were treated in psychiatric hospitals. While his methods were a little suspect, the study seemed to make the point Rosenhan was hoping for. Background Information One of the most influential studies conducted investigating the difficulties in defining normality and abnormality, and …
Key Study: Childhood stress and its effects on serotonin (an animal experiment), (Gardner et al. 2009)
This animal experiment by Gardner et al. (2009) could explain links between stress early in life when we’re kids and our behaviour as adults. The use of rats in this study allows the researchers to manipulate and measure IVs and DVs in ways that would be impossible in human subjects. The study provides possible explanations for why early life stress …
NEW Revision Textbook: FREE Preview Now Available
Our brand new revision book contains all the material students need to ace their IB Psychology exams. It takes the content from IB Psychology: A Student’s Guide and condenses it to a format suitable for fast, effective revision. DOWNLOAD FREE PREVIEW HERE! Delivery: 2 to 4 weeks (often much earlier, especially in Asia/Australasia) Supplements: IB Psychology – A Student’s Guide. Contents*: Introduction Biological Approach …
Key Study: Emotion and Memory of a Baseball Game (Kensinger and Schacter, 2006)
Would you remember more about a wedding or a funeral? How about how you felt when you got an F on a test compared to getting an A? The effects of different emotions on memory is what Kensinger and Schacter’s study is about as they compare real-life memories of baseball fans from the 2004 world series final game – Boston …
Exam Tips: How to write a research methods essay
Updated Feb 2021 One of the most difficult of the five types of exam questions to write about in IB Psychology is research methods. Like most other essay questions, students tend to focus on studies and miss other important aspects of the essay. In this post, I offer my best tips for how to write an excellent essay on research …
“IB Psychology: A Revision Guide” Book Now Shipping!
I’m so pleased to announce that our second textbook, IB Psychology: A Revision Guide (AVAILABLE HERE!), is now shipping and our first pre-orderers can expect their copies in the mail any day now, if they haven’t already got them. This book takes all the content from our first textbook (A Student’s Guide – here) and condenses it into 180 pages. Here are …
Essay Advice: Reconstructive Memory
Recently my class worked on a take-home essay with the question, “Discuss research memory, making referencing to one or more studies.” When reading and giving feedback on their essays, I found myself making similar comments – and the same ones I’ve been making for ten years. So here’s some advice that might help you avoid the same mistakes. Before we …
Key Study: Evolution of Gender Differences in Sexual Behaviour (Clark and Hatfield, 1989)
If a man sleeps with lots of women he’s a “stud” but if a woman does it she’s a “slut.” By why does this societal double-standard exist and are men really more promiscuous than women? Clark and Hatfield’s classic study might be able to give us some answers to these questions. Background Information The perception exists in society that men …
Key Study: Leading questions and the misinformation effect – ” the car crash study” (Loftus and Palmer, 1974)
Memory is a reconstructive process, which means memories are actively and consciously rebuilt when we are trying to remember certain things. Elizabeth Loftus, her colleagues and others studying this cognitive phenomenon have shown that during the reconstruction phase our memories can be distorted if we are given false information about the event – this is called the misinformation effect. Background Information …
IB Psychology – Grade Boundaries New Curriculum (Feb 2019)
Are you wondering what you need to do to get a 7 in IB Psychology?It’s a bit tough to say exactly because as of now (February 2019) we have not had any exams for this new curriculum. But as I’m marking my students’ mock exams I have also created the grade boundaries that I will use for IB Psychology until …
Key Studies: “Weapon focus” and its effects on eye-witness memories (Loftus, 1987)
From decades of research we know that memory is not a passive cognitive process, but it is an active reconstructive one. As Elizabeth Loftus says, memory is not like a tape recorder that records things accurately and plays it back for us, but it’s more like a wikipedia page that anyone can go in and change. Loftus should know as …
Key Study: The Minnesota Twin Study of Twins Reared Apart
Understanding how and why twin studies are used is an important topic in biological psychology because they can give us important insights into the extent to which our behaviour is nature (genetics) or nurture. Context Is our behaviour a product of nature or nurture? In other words, are we born the way we are, or have we become this way …
Lesson Idea: Sampling Methods – Practice for Paper 3
For IB Psychology Paper 3, students need to know the following five sampling methods: Opportunity/convenience Random Self-selected/volunteer Snowball Purposive The stimulus material (summary of a study) that you are given in the exam may or may not state the sampling method used. Therefore, you need to be prepared to identify the method used based on the summary of how the …
Lesson Idea: Understanding thematic analysis
The aim of the activities in this lesson is to help students understand the process and purpose of conducting a thematic analysis in qualitative research. It is not necessary to study how qualitative data is analyzed in the new IB Psychology curriculum, but it could be useful to help deepen your understanding of qualitative methods (and it could be used in …
Lesson Idea: Understanding generalizability and population validity
If you want to write excellent evaluations of psychological studies then generalizability is a really important term to know. It’s also called external validity and it refers to the extent to which we could expect the same results in a different context (i.e. do the results apply beyond the study, external to the study?). In this post we’ll focus on population validity (read more …
Lesson Idea: Ethics of applying findings
In the new IB Psychology Paper 3, you may be asked to explain the ethical considerations involved in applying findings of the study. See this lesson idea to help with reporting the findings of a study. What does it mean to “apply findings?” To apply the findings (results) of a study means that the results are being used to inform …
Lesson Idea: Ethics of reporting findings
In the new IB Psychology Paper 3, you may be asked to explain the ethical considerations involved in reporting findings of the study. The most obvious consideration (or guideline) relevant to this question is anonymity – not revealing participants names in the final report. Other relevant considerations or guidelines may include: Informed consent (avoiding deception) Debriefing Confidentiality (not telling people you’re involved …
fMRI: An important technological technique used to study the brain
The invention of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has rapidly advanced our knowledge and understanding of the human brain. In the IB Psychology course, fMRIs are a good example of a “technique used to study the brain in relation to behaviour.” Background Information fMRIs are a modification of a regular MRI machine. Whereas MRIs simply show the structure of the …
Key Study: London Taxi Drivers vs. Bus Drivers (Maguire, 2006)
Understanding how the brain can grow and change as a result of our environment and experiences is an exciting and important new field in psychology. Maguire’s study on this topic is already a classic. Context One of the most fascinating (relatively) recent discoveries is the idea of neuroplasticity: the brain’s amazing ability to grow and change as a result of different experiences. …
Key Study: Clinical bias and the effects of labelling on diagnosis (Temerlin, 1968)
Clinical bias can affect the validity and reliability of diagnosis and one thing that can cause clinical bias is when a patient is labelled with having a particular disorder. Labelling theory usually refers to how a label can affect the individual being labelled, but it is also used to explain how others can treat someone based on their label. Effects …