{"id":814,"date":"2016-10-04T05:14:48","date_gmt":"2016-10-04T05:14:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/101psych.com\/?p=814"},"modified":"2020-03-31T05:31:24","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T20:31:24","slug":"key-study-bond-and-smith-1996","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/04\/key-study-bond-and-smith-1996\/","title":{"rendered":"Key Study: Conformity rates across cultures (Bond and Smith, 1996)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There has been a lot of research into the role that culture might play in conformity. In Bond and Smith&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download;jsessionid=EFB2A69D78906BDA9BC45EF5E41651C8?doi=10.1.1.370.6293&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0they review\u00a0many different studies that have investigated this idea. However, they found methodological flaws with these studies when trying to use them to make conclusions about social and cultural influences on conformity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">So they decided to conduct a meta-analysis of all the studies from different countries that they could find. They compared only studies that used the Asch experimental paradigm (the line tests). They focused on individualistic and collectivist cultures.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Based on what you know already about these cultural dimensions, which one would you anticipate having a greater rate of conformity?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The results of the meta-analysis showed that collectivist cultures had a significantly higher rate of conformity than cultures classified as individualistic. For instance, countries like Japan, Hong Kong and Fiji had higher rates of conformity than France, the UK and the USA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Why?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The above description only includes the results of the study. It is important that you can offer plausible explanations for why collectivist cultures may conform more than individualistic ones.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h3>EXAMPLE EXAM ANSWERS, WITH EXAMINER COMMENTS COMING SOON. <a href=\"https:\/\/store.themantic-education.com\/\">CHECK OUT OUR STORE FOR MORE STUDY RESOURCES.<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>How conformity may have changed over the years&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rates of conformity can vary between cultures, as Bond and Smith&#8217;s meta-analysis revealed, but in their article they also suggest that levels of conformity can change over different time periods within the same culture. For example, psychologists have suggested that the conformity Asch found in his 1950s experiments could have been a product of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCarthyism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">McCarthysim<\/a>. Larsen has conducted three replications of the Asch experiments &#8211; in 1974, 1979 and 1990. The difference in rates of conformity found during these replications, Larsen argues, could be a product of changes in the social environment in the US. For example, conformity levels were higher in the 1974 replication than they were in the 1979 one. Larsen suggests this could be because in 1974 the protests against the Vietnam war were strong and student activism was common, thus students at this time were socialized into having strong voices and may have been more inclined to oppose social norms. Whereas in 1979, after the Vietnam war had ended, the activism may have reduced and students were more career oriented (Bond and Smith, pg 112, 1996 &#8211; you can read more in the original article under the heading &#8220;Comparisons Within a Culture at Different Periods in Its History&#8221;) (<a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download;jsessionid=EFB2A69D78906BDA9BC45EF5E41651C8?doi=10.1.1.370.6293&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There has been a lot of research into the role that culture might play in conformity. In Bond and Smith&#8217;s article\u00a0\u00a0they review\u00a0many different studies that have investigated this idea. However, they found methodological flaws with these studies when trying to use them to make conclusions about social and cultural influences on conformity. So they decided to conduct a meta-analysis of &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/04\/key-study-bond-and-smith-1996\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-and-cultural-psychology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Key Study: Conformity rates across cultures (Bond and Smith, 1996) | The IB Psychology Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how cultural and social 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Not surprisingly, it's also one of the most studied. The origins of conformity studies go back to Solomon Asch's famous \"line length\" experiments. Almost as old is Berry's now classic study that asked the question: why do different cultures have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Social and Cultural Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Social and Cultural Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/social-and-cultural-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/01\/Inupiat_Family_from_Noatak_Alaska_1929_Edward_S._Curtis_restored-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C919&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/01\/Inupiat_Family_from_Noatak_Alaska_1929_Edward_S._Curtis_restored-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C919&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/01\/Inupiat_Family_from_Noatak_Alaska_1929_Edward_S._Curtis_restored-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C919&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/01\/Inupiat_Family_from_Noatak_Alaska_1929_Edward_S._Curtis_restored-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C919&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/01\/Inupiat_Family_from_Noatak_Alaska_1929_Edward_S._Curtis_restored-1-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C919&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4374,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/06\/20\/what-is-enculturation\/","url_meta":{"origin":814,"position":1},"title":"What is &#8220;enculturation?&#8221;","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"06\/20\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"One of the changes in the new IB Psychology course is the addition of two new concepts in the socio-cultural approach to understanding human behaviour: Enculturation And... Acculturation In this short post I'll briefly outline the concept of enculturation and provide some general guidance as to how it can be\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Social and Cultural Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Social and Cultural Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/social-and-cultural-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/06\/bigstock-fishing-with-grandpa-4065612.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/06\/bigstock-fishing-with-grandpa-4065612.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/06\/bigstock-fishing-with-grandpa-4065612.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/06\/bigstock-fishing-with-grandpa-4065612.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/06\/bigstock-fishing-with-grandpa-4065612.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10720,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/03\/13\/how-do-you-explain-the-problem-issue-in-essay-introductions\/","url_meta":{"origin":814,"position":2},"title":"How do you &#8220;explain the problem\/issue&#8221; in essay introductions?","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"03\/13\/2018","format":false,"excerpt":"In the new IB Psychology curriculum, students have to \"explain the problem\/issue raised in the question\" to get 2 marks for their essays (Paper 1, Part B and Paper 2). But what does this mean and how do you do it? 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Jump to... IB's Example SAQs Practice SAQs Revision Tips Some Examples Study Tips Teacher Tips The Topics The short answer questions (SAQs) in Paper 1, Section A are based on the three approaches. You will be asked\u00a0two\u00a0SAQs. One\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Assessment (IB)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Assessment (IB)","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/assessment-ib\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/02\/soc-saqs.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/02\/soc-saqs.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/02\/soc-saqs.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/02\/soc-saqs.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/02\/soc-saqs.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":808,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/04\/key-study-conformity-asch-1955\/","url_meta":{"origin":814,"position":4},"title":"Key Study: Conformity &#8211; Asch (1955)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"10\/04\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Background Information Humans are social animals, formign groups and strong bonds naturally. As such, it\u2019s not hard to see the many ways that belonging to a group is important. Conformity is one effect that can happen as a result of this need to belong. 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I think it's by far one of the hardest topics to write about in IB Psychology. Hopefully this post will provide a bit of help to go along with the explanations in\u00a0IB Psychology: A Students Guide. What do you need to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Social and Cultural Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Social and Cultural Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/social-and-cultural-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-father-and-son-at-an-indigenou-187051960.jpg?fit=900%2C506&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-father-and-son-at-an-indigenou-187051960.jpg?fit=900%2C506&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-father-and-son-at-an-indigenou-187051960.jpg?fit=900%2C506&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-father-and-son-at-an-indigenou-187051960.jpg?fit=900%2C506&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=814"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12876,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814\/revisions\/12876"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}