{"id":3381,"date":"2017-05-11T01:23:47","date_gmt":"2017-05-11T01:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibpsych.themantic-education.com\/?p=3381"},"modified":"2017-05-11T01:23:47","modified_gmt":"2017-05-11T01:23:47","slug":"the-story-of-phineas-gage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/05\/11\/the-story-of-phineas-gage\/","title":{"rendered":"The Story of Phineas Gage"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color:#ff0000\"><em><strong>Important Note:<\/strong> Phineas Gage is an interesting way to learn about the relationship between the frontal lobe and our behaviour. However, there are many other studies that we use in this course to demonstrate important concepts like localization of brain function. Therefore, Gage should not be used in exam answers.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>The story&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Phineas Gage was a railroad worker who was putting dynamite into rocks while working with a team to lay tracks. As he used a six-foot bar to pound the dynamite powder into the rocks it ignited, essentially making the long steel pole a bullet that fired up through his left eye, through his skull and landed about 50ft away, covered with bits of brain and blood. Gage survived and was even conscious while he rode on the ox cart to the nearest town to get help.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1744\" style=\"width: 374px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1744\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-1744\" src=\"https:\/\/101psychcom.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/10\/simulated_connectivity_damage_of_phineas_gage_skulldisplaywarren.jpg?resize=364%2C499\" alt=\"simulated_connectivity_damage_of_phineas_gage_skulldisplaywarren\" width=\"364\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/10\/simulated_connectivity_damage_of_phineas_gage_skulldisplaywarren.jpg?w=554&amp;ssl=1 554w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/10\/simulated_connectivity_damage_of_phineas_gage_skulldisplaywarren.jpg?resize=219%2C300&amp;ssl=1 219w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1744\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gage&#8217;s skull. You can see the whole in the skull where the metal rod went through. The skull of Phineas Gage on display at the Warren Anatomical Museum at Harvard Medical School.(image credit: wikicommons, Horne et al., 2012)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As a result of the incident, Gage\u2019s behaviour seemed to change as he went from being a rather mild-mannered man to \u201cno longer Gage\u201d as his friends said. Reports have even said that he was no longer allowed to be around women because he would often say rude things to them. This was in 1848 and Harlow, the Doctor who treated Gage, made a few observations about the change in Gage\u2019s behaviour that has made him one of the first and most famous cases that links brain damage to personality change.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3408\" style=\"width: 1628px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3408\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3408\" src=\"https:\/\/101psychcom.files.wordpress.com\/2017\/05\/phineas_gage_gagemillerphoto2010-02-17_unretouched_color_cropped1.jpg?resize=786%2C1336\" alt=\"Phineas_Gage_GageMillerPhoto2010-02-17_Unretouched_Color_Cropped\" width=\"786\" height=\"1336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/05\/phineas_gage_gagemillerphoto2010-02-17_unretouched_color_cropped1.jpg?w=1618&amp;ssl=1 1618w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/05\/phineas_gage_gagemillerphoto2010-02-17_unretouched_color_cropped1.jpg?resize=177%2C300&amp;ssl=1 177w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/05\/phineas_gage_gagemillerphoto2010-02-17_unretouched_color_cropped1.jpg?resize=768%2C1305&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/05\/phineas_gage_gagemillerphoto2010-02-17_unretouched_color_cropped1.jpg?resize=602%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 602w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3408\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phineas Gage standing with the pole that shot through his head.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The following video from Harvard University&#8217;s youtube channel provides a \u00a0brief summary of the story of Phineas Gage.<\/p>\n[youtube https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yXbAMHzYGJ0]\n<p>The guys at Crash Course provide a good introductory video to studying the brain and behaviour.<\/p>\n[youtube https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vHrmiy4W9C0&amp;w=560&amp;h=315]\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Important Note: Phineas Gage is an interesting way to learn about the relationship between the frontal lobe and our behaviour. However, there are many other studies that we use in this course to demonstrate important concepts like localization of brain function. Therefore, Gage should not be used in exam answers. The story&#8230; Phineas Gage was a railroad worker who was &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/05\/11\/the-story-of-phineas-gage\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biological-psychology","category-criminology","category-general-interest"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Story of Phineas Gage | The IB Psychology Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the 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behaviour. In order to fully understand these studies, it\u2019s important to have a general understanding of some of the functions of these parts\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Biological Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Biological Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/biological-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"brain_-_14600401142","src":"https:\/\/101psychcom.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/10\/brain_-_14600401142.gif?w=350&h=200&crop=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1735,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/27\/the-frontal-lobe-and-the-prefrontal-cortex\/","url_meta":{"origin":3381,"position":1},"title":"The Frontal Lobe and the Prefrontal Cortex","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"10\/27\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Numerous studies have shown that there are correlations found between brain function (or dysfunction) and behaviour. In order to fully understand these studies, it\u2019s important to have a general understanding of some of the functions of important parts of the brain. The frontal lobe is an important part of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Biological Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Biological Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/biological-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"brain_-_14600401142","src":"https:\/\/101psychcom.files.wordpress.com\/2016\/10\/brain_-_14600401142.gif?w=350&h=200&crop=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":631,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/09\/30\/criminology-an-introduction\/","url_meta":{"origin":3381,"position":2},"title":"Criminology: An introduction","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"09\/30\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Brain Function:\u00a0The Frontal Lobe and the Prefrontal Cortex Numerous studies have shown that there are correlations found between brain function and violent behaviour. In order to fully understand these studies, it\u2019s important to have a general understanding of some of the functions of these parts of the brain. The brain\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Criminology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Criminology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/criminology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3293,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/05\/11\/lesson-one-on-how-to-explain-a-study\/","url_meta":{"origin":3381,"position":3},"title":"Lesson one on how to &#8220;explain&#8221; a study&#8230;","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"05\/11\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"This post is written to accompany the lesson on Phineas Gage and the frontal lobe in \"IB Psychology: A Student's Guide.\"\u00a0 Unit: Criminology Topic 1: The Brain and Behaviour Lesson (a): \"The Frontal Lobe The guiding question for this lesson is\u00a0designed to give you some practice at\u00a0explaining\u00a0the results of a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Criminology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Criminology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/criminology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/09\/bigstock-167516804.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/09\/bigstock-167516804.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/09\/bigstock-167516804.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/09\/bigstock-167516804.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1053,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/22\/teaching-principles-last\/","url_meta":{"origin":3381,"position":4},"title":"Lesson Idea: Understanding the Approaches","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"10\/22\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"This post is adapted from an earlier post. If you're adopting a thematic approach to the IB Psychology course, you might be wondering: \"won't students get confused about what studies go with each topic?\" It's easy to think this since at first glance the thematic approach appears to be jumbled.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Curriculum&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Curriculum","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/curriculum\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/08\/bigstock-close-up-of-industrial-brickla-141056747.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/08\/bigstock-close-up-of-industrial-brickla-141056747.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/08\/bigstock-close-up-of-industrial-brickla-141056747.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/08\/bigstock-close-up-of-industrial-brickla-141056747.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4454,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/06\/21\/how-many-studies-do-i-need\/","url_meta":{"origin":3381,"position":5},"title":"&#8220;How many studies do I need?&#8221;","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"06\/21\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"By far the two most common questions IB Psychology teachers (and students) ask are: Is this a good EE question? and... How many studies do I need? You can read my answer to the first question about EEs\u00a0here. In this post I want to address the second question in two\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Assessment (IB)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Assessment (IB)","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/assessment-ib\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/bigstock-handsome-pensive-young-man-stu-14505680.jpg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/bigstock-handsome-pensive-young-man-stu-14505680.jpg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/bigstock-handsome-pensive-young-man-stu-14505680.jpg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/bigstock-handsome-pensive-young-man-stu-14505680.jpg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/07\/bigstock-handsome-pensive-young-man-stu-14505680.jpg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3381"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3381\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}