{"id":14477,"date":"2021-11-09T15:15:41","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T06:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/?p=14477"},"modified":"2023-01-11T06:12:05","modified_gmt":"2023-01-10T21:12:05","slug":"the-command-term-conundrum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/11\/09\/the-command-term-conundrum\/","title":{"rendered":"The Command Term Conundrum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Allow me to explain the IB Psychology command terms:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Explain means explain if it&#8217;s in Paper 1, but not if it&#8217;s in Paper 2, unless of course it&#8217;s coupled with another level three command term (e.g. discuss), then it does mean explain. And outline doesn&#8217;t really mean outline, it means describe, unless the question (or mark scheme) is actually asking for analysis and\/or application, in which case it really means explain, but that can also change if it&#8217;s coupled with another command term, in which case it can mean outline. And there&#8217;s no critical thinking in Paper 1 short answers, except for analysis and application, which are considered critical thinking in essay rubrics, but not considered critical thinking if the command term is level one, but they are if it&#8217;s level two (e.g. explain), and so sometimes students have to show &#8220;critical thinking&#8221; in short answers to gain full marks but if they show the wrong kind of critical thinking (e.g. by evaluating) they can lose marks because they&#8217;re not focusing on the question by going beyond the requirements of the command term.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Simple, right? Wrong. The above paragraph shows how absurd and illogical the IB command terms in assessment are when put into practice.<\/p>\n<p>These command terms aren\u2019t as important as many people think because they <strong>do not<\/strong>\u00a0guide students to writing better answers. As shown above, they make things worse. Let\u2019s keep it simple. There are four \u201ccommand terms\u201d that are used for IB Psychology essays.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Discuss<\/strong>: Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evaluate<\/strong>: Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>To what extent<\/strong>: Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contrast<\/strong>: Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Discuss, evaluate, and to what extent questions can be answered with a similar structure and content. The only command term that has a unique application is \u201ccontrast\u201d which simply means highlight the differences of two items.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Contrast is the rarest exam term in IB Psychology. In fact, it\u2019s only been asked once between May 2019-2021 (\u201cContrast two theories of cognitive development\u201d).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Regardless of the command term, you must:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Address all parts of the question (Criterion A)<\/li>\n<li>Explain the topic (to show knowledge and understanding \u2013 Criterion B)<\/li>\n<li>Use studies to support your arguments (to show a good use of research \u2013 Criterion C)<\/li>\n<li>Present relevant and well-developed counter-arguments and evaluations of studies (to show critical thinking \u2013 Criterion D).<\/li>\n<li>Structure your essay using an introduction, conclusion, and a logical order of ideas and paragraphs (Criterion E)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>Mr. Dixon\u2019s Advice: Focus on the <em>rest <\/em>of the question first and the command term second.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_14481\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.themantic-education.com\/collections\/new-products\/products\/ib-health-psychology-example-essays?variant=40231582630081\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14481\" class=\"wp-image-14481\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/ExampleEssays_540x.png?resize=290%2C399&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/ExampleEssays_540x.png?w=540&amp;ssl=1 540w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/ExampleEssays_540x.png?resize=218%2C300&amp;ssl=1 218w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/ExampleEssays_540x.png?resize=100%2C138&amp;ssl=1 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14481\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This post is taken from our example essays for IB Health Psych, <a href=\"https:\/\/store.themantic-education.com\/collections\/new-products\/products\/ib-health-psychology-example-essays?variant=40231582630081\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">available now<\/a>. This downloadable PDF shows you how the same essay could cover four topics!<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Related articles:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/08\/01\/theres-no-difference-between-evaluate-and-discuss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There&#8217;s no difference between &#8220;evaluate&#8221; and &#8220;discuss&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/25\/command-terms-and-definitions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Command Terms and Definitions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/05\/17\/exam-review-why-im-pleased-i-didnt-teach-the-command-terms-paper-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Exam Review: Why I&#8217;m pleased I didn&#8217;t teach the command terms (Paper 2)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Allow me to explain the IB Psychology command terms: \u00a0Explain means explain if it&#8217;s in Paper 1, but not if it&#8217;s in Paper 2, unless of course it&#8217;s coupled with another level three command term (e.g. discuss), then it does mean explain. And outline doesn&#8217;t really mean outline, it means describe, unless the question (or mark scheme) is actually asking &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/11\/09\/the-command-term-conundrum\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curriculum","category-revision-and-exam-preparation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Command Term Conundrum | The IB Psychology Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Confused by IB Psychology command terms? 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This comprehensive guide explains what explain and outline really mean and how to ace your essays.","linkdex":"","metakeywords":"","meta-robots-noindex":"","meta-robots-nofollow":"","meta-robots-adv":"","canonical":"","redirect":"","opengraph-title":"","opengraph-description":"","opengraph-image":"","twitter-title":"","twitter-description":"","twitter-image":""},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/11\/upset-g247ff93b6_1920.jpeg?fit=1920%2C1440&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1324,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/25\/command-terms-and-definitions\/","url_meta":{"origin":14477,"position":0},"title":"Command Terms and Definitions","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"10\/25\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Updated Aug, 2020 The command terms are the verbs at the start of IB exam questions. While they be important, they are actually far less important than many people think.\u00a0 Command terms in SAQs Short-answer questions (SAQs) may use one of three command terms in IB Psychology exams: outline, describe\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Assessment (IB)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Assessment (IB)","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/assessment-ib\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Image: Bigstock.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/03\/bigstock-Reading-Furniture-Instructions-266024611.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/03\/bigstock-Reading-Furniture-Instructions-266024611.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/03\/bigstock-Reading-Furniture-Instructions-266024611.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/03\/bigstock-Reading-Furniture-Instructions-266024611.jpg?fit=900%2C601&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10837,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/05\/17\/exam-review-why-im-pleased-i-didnt-teach-the-command-terms-paper-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":14477,"position":1},"title":"Exam Review: Why I&#8217;m pleased I didn&#8217;t teach the command terms (Paper 2)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"05\/17\/2018","format":false,"excerpt":"I realize that critiquing the inconsistent use of command terms in IB Psychology assessments is like shooting very confused fish in a very small barrel, but I just can't help myself. Was anyone else surprised to see the command term \"Explain\" in Paper 2 this year for the Abnormal Option?\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Assessment (IB)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Assessment (IB)","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/assessment-ib\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/05\/bigstock-147536405.jpg?fit=1200%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/05\/bigstock-147536405.jpg?fit=1200%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/05\/bigstock-147536405.jpg?fit=1200%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/05\/bigstock-147536405.jpg?fit=1200%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/05\/bigstock-147536405.jpg?fit=1200%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1349,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/24\/whats-the-difference-between-outline-and-describe\/","url_meta":{"origin":14477,"position":2},"title":"What&#8217;s the difference between outline and describe?","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"10\/24\/2016","format":false,"excerpt":"There is none. Quite simply, in an exam sense there is no difference between outline and describe and so if you're worried about \"meeting the demands of the command term\" and trying to understand the nuances between these, don't bother. There is one difference - the definition. A \"detailed\" (describe)\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Assessment (IB)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Assessment (IB)","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/assessment-ib\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11985,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2019\/04\/17\/exam-question-bank-paper-1-biological-approach\/","url_meta":{"origin":14477,"position":3},"title":"Exam Question Bank: Paper 1: Biological Approach","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"04\/17\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Paper One has two sections - A and B. In Section A you have three compulsory short answer questions, one from each approach (biological, cognitive and sociocultural). In Section B, you have three exam questions, also one from each approach and you answer only\u00a0one. This means you should prep all\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Biological Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Biological Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/biological-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/Bio-approach-exam-bank-image.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/Bio-approach-exam-bank-image.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/Bio-approach-exam-bank-image.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/Bio-approach-exam-bank-image.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":12011,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2019\/04\/23\/exam-question-bank-paper-1-sociocultural-approach\/","url_meta":{"origin":14477,"position":4},"title":"Exam Question Bank: Paper 1: Sociocultural Approach","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"04\/23\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Disclaimer: These questions are not IB \"official\" questions and are written with our best guess as to what the probable exam questions may look like. Therefore, not every\u00a0possible question is covered. Read More: IB Psychology Exam Question Banks Paper 1: Biological approach (Link) Paper 1: Cognitive approach (Link) Paper 1:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Assessment (IB)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Assessment (IB)","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/assessment-ib\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/bigstock-Huge-Armored-Door-In-The-Banki-285200929-2.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/bigstock-Huge-Armored-Door-In-The-Banki-285200929-2.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/bigstock-Huge-Armored-Door-In-The-Banki-285200929-2.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/04\/bigstock-Huge-Armored-Door-In-The-Banki-285200929-2.jpg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10815,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/05\/16\/how-to-go-beyond-describing-and-into-application-of-studies\/","url_meta":{"origin":14477,"position":5},"title":"How to go beyond &#8220;describing&#8221; and into &#8220;application&#8221; of studies","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"05\/16\/2018","format":false,"excerpt":"One of the most common mistakes IB Psychology students make is they don\u2019t explain studies, i.e. they don\u2019t apply the study to show how the study is relevant to the question. Instead, students summarize aims, methods and results and that\u2019s it. This is description. What's missing? An applied conclusion. 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