{"id":14216,"date":"2021-08-18T09:53:32","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T00:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/?p=14216"},"modified":"2021-08-18T09:53:32","modified_gmt":"2021-08-18T00:53:32","slug":"how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/","title":{"rendered":"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis &#038; Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>This material was in the first draft of &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/store.themantic-education.com\/collections\/new-products\/products\/stress-a-students-guide-for-ib-health-psychology-ebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stress: A Student&#8217;s Guide to IB Health Psychology<\/a>.&#8221; It was removed from the final edition and the information is here instead as extra optional content for extended and\/or interested students.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>What is stress?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In laboratory experiments stress can also be measured in multiple ways, including physiological responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) like cortisol levels, heart rate, and blood pressure and self-reported stress levels as measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire. But stress is difficult to define because it includes many aspects, including the <strong>stressor<\/strong>, the <strong>stress response<\/strong> and our thinking (<strong>appraisals<\/strong>). Any one or all of these things can be considered \u201cstress\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>A good definition of stress, therefore, is that stress occurs when we experience a threatening stimulus that we feel we can\u2019t cope with. This results in an emotional, behavioural and biological stress response (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984; Fischer et al., 2016). Now that we know what stress is and how it\u2019s measured, the next goal is to understand its causes. If we can understand its causes, we might know how to reduce our stress levels.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><strong>Stress<\/strong> is when we experience a threatening stimulus that we feel we can\u2019t cope with, which results in an emotional, behavioural and biological stress response (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984; Fischer et al., 2016).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Read more:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/02\/10\/stress-and-the-hippocampus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stress and the Hippocampus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/07\/13\/example-exam-essay-prevalence-rates-of-one-health-problem-ib-health-psychology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Example Exam Essay: Prevalence rates of one health problem (IB Health Psychology)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/06\/28\/cognitive-explanations-of-one-health-problem-appraisals-and-stress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cognitive explanations of one health problem: Appraisals and stress<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14218 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Stress-Response-System-Vector-227983480.jpeg?resize=786%2C870&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"786\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Stress-Response-System-Vector-227983480.jpeg?w=813&amp;ssl=1 813w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Stress-Response-System-Vector-227983480.jpeg?resize=271%2C300&amp;ssl=1 271w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Stress-Response-System-Vector-227983480.jpeg?resize=768%2C850&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Stress-Response-System-Vector-227983480.jpeg?resize=100%2C111&amp;ssl=1 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The physical changes we experience when stressed are beneficial in the short-term, but cause major health problems in the long-term.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>What makes something stressful? Stressors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>When we ask the question \u201cwhat causes stress?\u201d we could answer it with one word: stressors. More stressors equals more stress. Therefore, the key to less stress is to avoid stressors. It\u2019s that simple, right? Sort of, but not quite. The same stressor can have different effects for different people. Stressors can also vary in their intensity. Think about the <em>possible <\/em>sources of stress in your life &#8211; when does a harmless event become a stressor?<\/p>\n<p>Sapolsky (2010) outlines four characteristics of psychological stressors:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Lack of predictability<\/li>\n<li>Lack of control<\/li>\n<li>Lack of outlets for frustration<\/li>\n<li>The interpretation of the stressor<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The more of these characteristics a stressor has, the more stressful it will be.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stress vs. Anxiety<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>This focus on specific stressors is also how stress is different to anxiety. Some people use stress and <strong>anxiety<\/strong> interchangeably and they are difficult to distinguish. Whereas stress is often caused by an external stressor, anxiety is persistent worry even when there isn\u2019t a specific stressor &#8211; it\u2019s an emotional state characterized by a sense of dread or apprehension (apa.org). When you have anxiety, you have a general feeling like something bad is about to happen but you\u2019re not sure why. When you\u2019re stressed, you might have a similar feeling but you know the stressor that\u2019s causing it.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Types of Stress: Acute vs. Chronic<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>We can further break stress down into two types: <strong>acute stress <\/strong>and <strong>chronic stress. <\/strong>Acute stress is short-term activation of the stress response, whereas chronic stress is persistent and enduring stressful circumstances that lead to long-term activation of the stress response. Acute stress is perfectly normal and natural with lots of benefits. Chronic stress, on the other hand, has been linked to multiple mental and physical problems. This is why one major \u201chealth problem\u201d that we\u2019re explaining in the unit on Stress for IB Health Psychology is <em>chronic<\/em> stress.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>From a biological perspective, <strong>chronic stress <\/strong>results in the persistent activation of the HPA axis for an extended period of time. <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Chronic stress is a leading risk factor for <strong>cardiovascular disease (CVD)<\/strong>. This is another major health problem that we\u2019re going to explain in this unit. CVD is an umbrella term that refers to any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels. Coronary artery disease (having clogged arteries that cause heart attacks), strokes, heart disease and congenital heart disease are all types of CVD. Chronic stress causes biological risk factors for CVD because of the constant activation of the physiological stress response.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14219\" style=\"width: 568px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14219\" class=\"wp-image-14219 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Human-Health-Human-Disease-pr-301596136.jpeg?resize=558%2C452&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"558\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Human-Health-Human-Disease-pr-301596136.jpeg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Human-Health-Human-Disease-pr-301596136.jpeg?resize=300%2C243&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Human-Health-Human-Disease-pr-301596136.jpeg?resize=768%2C623&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Human-Health-Human-Disease-pr-301596136.jpeg?resize=100%2C81&amp;ssl=1 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14219\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Just like melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer all fall under the umbrella term \u201ccancer\u201d, there are many heart problems that fall under the broad category of cardiovascular disease.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The Physiological Stress Response<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>stress response <\/strong>is our body\u2019s biological reaction to a stressor. You might know it by its more common name, \u201cthe fight or flight response\u201d. The stress response can begin either externally (bottom-up) or internally (top-down). If we sense something threatening in our environment, our sensory neurons send signals to our amygdala, a small part of the brain that generates negative emotions (like fear and anger). This is where our stress response begins. But this message can get to the amygdala through another route as well. If we think about a particular stressor, our prefrontal cortex can send signals down to the amygdala to activate it and get us ready to fight or flee. Either way, when we\u2019re stressed it means our amygdala is activated.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Chronic stress is a major health problem because it can cause CVD. <\/em><em>The difference between acute and chronic stress is duration. However, the distinction between what is considered short-term or long-term stress is subjective and there\u2019s no universal definition.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The HPA Axis<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_14221\" style=\"width: 318px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14221\" class=\"wp-image-14221 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/HPA-axis_-_anterior_view_with_text_ja.png?resize=308%2C329&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/HPA-axis_-_anterior_view_with_text_ja.png?resize=281%2C300&amp;ssl=1 281w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/HPA-axis_-_anterior_view_with_text_ja.png?resize=100%2C107&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/HPA-axis_-_anterior_view_with_text_ja.png?w=600&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14221\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The amygdala sends the signal to the hypothalamus, which triggers the stress response. (Image: Wikicommons).<\/p><\/div>\n<p>After our amygdala gets the signal that we\u2019re experiencing a threat, it activates the <strong>HPA axis<\/strong> (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis). This means the hypothalamus alerts the pituitary gland which sends a signal to the adrenal gland. The adrenal gland then releases stress hormones, cortisol and adrenaline. The release of stress hormones is why acute stress can be beneficial \u2013 they cause a quick release of energy into the bloodstream that energizes our muscles and our brain. Whatever threat we\u2019re facing, we now have an increase in strength and brain power to deal with it.<\/p>\n<p>The above image shows cholesterol plaques in an artery (atherosclerosis). The top artery is healthy, while the middle &amp; bottom arteries show plaque formation which eventually leads to the artery rupturing, clothing and preventing blood flow.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>How does <em>chronic<\/em> stress cause CVD?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>When you think of chronic stress, think of it as a persistent activation of the HPA axis for an extended period of time. As you can see above, acute stress has benefits. The release of cortisol and adrenaline during an acute stressor is a healthy adaptation. The problem is, however, when the HPA axis is continually activated and we\u2019re chronically stressed. This results in high blood sugar, high blood cholesterol and increased levels of cortisol in the blood, as well as high blood pressure (hypertension). These are all leading causes of CVD because they cause a build-up of plaque in the artery walls. This is one way that chronic stress can cause CVD and it\u2019s why every medical physical check-up includes measuring your blood pressure, blood sugar levels and cholesterol levels.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14217\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14217\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14217\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chronic stress can cause cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death around the world!<\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote><p><em><strong>Adrenaline or epinephrine?<\/strong> These are the same hormone; it\u2019s just in some countries (e.g. America) people say epinephrine and others say adrenaline. Similarly, the neurotransmitter noradrenaline is the same thing as norepinephrine just called a different name.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>When the IB Guide states that stress is a \u201chealth problem\u201d, we need to be more specific. Acute stress is healthy, normal and beneficial. It is chronic stress that is the real problem. This is because in small doses, cortisol and adrenaline are good for us. But in excess, they are dangerous because they create a series of physical risk factors for CVD.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\"><strong>Checking In:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"450\">Can you explain how chronic stress leads to cardiovascular disease?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\"><strong>Critical thinking extension:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"450\"><strong>Challenging Assumptions <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The word \u201cstress\u201d has a negative connotation. It\u2019s even listed in the IB Psychology Guide as a \u201chealth problem\u201d alongside obesity, addiction and chronic pain. In this unit, we\u2019re going to challenge the assumption that stress is a bad thing. Finding the positives in stress is an important coping strategy. We\u2019ll explore this in more detail later in the unit, but right now can you think of some ways that \u201cstress\u201d can be positive? This lesson identifies at least one important one.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"151\"><strong>If you\u2019re interested\u2026<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"450\">Want to learn more about preventable heart disease? Dr. Michael Rocha gave an interesting TED talk on this: \u201cHow to Keep Your Heart From Killing You\u201d. In this talk, he explains how studies show that 4 out of 5 heart attacks are preventable through diet, exercise and lifestyle habits.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This material was in the first draft of &#8220;Stress: A Student&#8217;s Guide to IB Health Psychology.&#8221; It was removed from the final edition and the information is here instead as extra optional content for extended and\/or interested students. What is stress? In laboratory experiments stress can also be measured in multiple ways, including physiological responses to the Trier Social Stress &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-psychology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How stress can kill: The HPA Axis &amp; Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) | The IB Psychology Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the impact of stress on our bodies and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. Find out ways to manage stress for a healthier life. #IBHealthPsychology.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis &amp; Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) | The IB Psychology Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the impact of stress on our bodies and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. Find out ways to manage stress for a healthier life. #IBHealthPsychology.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The IB Psychology Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/themanticeducation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-18T00:53:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Travis Dixon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Travis Dixon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Travis Dixon\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/de20f76afd22df7d71e141ab515c0827\"},\"headline\":\"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis &#038; Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-18T00:53:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1487,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Health Psychology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/\",\"name\":\"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis & Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) | The IB Psychology Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-18T00:53:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"Learn about the impact of stress on our bodies and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. Find out ways to manage stress for a healthier life. #IBHealthPsychology.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1\",\"width\":900,\"height\":900,\"caption\":\"Chronic stress can cause cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death around the world!\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/18\\\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis &#038; Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/\",\"name\":\"IB Psychology\",\"description\":\"by Themantic Education\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Themantic Education\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2019\\\/06\\\/them-ed-logo.png?fit=1465%2C1858&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2019\\\/06\\\/them-ed-logo.png?fit=1465%2C1858&ssl=1\",\"width\":1465,\"height\":1858,\"caption\":\"Themantic Education\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/facebook.com\\\/themanticeducation\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/youtube.com\\\/c\\\/themanticeducation\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/de20f76afd22df7d71e141ab515c0827\",\"name\":\"Travis Dixon\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6ee7465953db9edfb653802c2423ee0be4456f3cf73a4ae4032bdda760a9a5e0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6ee7465953db9edfb653802c2423ee0be4456f3cf73a4ae4032bdda760a9a5e0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/6ee7465953db9edfb653802c2423ee0be4456f3cf73a4ae4032bdda760a9a5e0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Travis Dixon\"},\"description\":\"Travis Dixon has been teaching for over 20 years and is an experienced IB Psychology, History and English teacher, author, workshop leader and examiner\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/author\\\/tdixon\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis & Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) | The IB Psychology Blog","description":"Learn about the impact of stress on our bodies and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. Find out ways to manage stress for a healthier life. #IBHealthPsychology.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis & Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) | The IB Psychology Blog","og_description":"Learn about the impact of stress on our bodies and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. Find out ways to manage stress for a healthier life. #IBHealthPsychology.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/","og_site_name":"The IB Psychology Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/themanticeducation\/","article_published_time":"2021-08-18T00:53:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":900,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Travis Dixon","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Travis Dixon","Estimated reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/"},"author":{"name":"Travis Dixon","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#\/schema\/person\/de20f76afd22df7d71e141ab515c0827"},"headline":"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis &#038; Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)","datePublished":"2021-08-18T00:53:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/"},"wordCount":1487,"commentCount":1,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1","articleSection":["Health Psychology"],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/","url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/","name":"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis & Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) | The IB Psychology Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1","datePublished":"2021-08-18T00:53:32+00:00","description":"Learn about the impact of stress on our bodies and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. Find out ways to manage stress for a healthier life. #IBHealthPsychology.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1","width":900,"height":900,"caption":"Chronic stress can cause cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death around the world!"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/08\/18\/how-stress-can-kill-the-hpa-axis-cardiovascular-disease-cvd\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How stress can kill: The HPA Axis &#038; Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/","name":"IB Psychology","description":"by Themantic Education","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#organization","name":"Themantic Education","url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/06\/them-ed-logo.png?fit=1465%2C1858&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/06\/them-ed-logo.png?fit=1465%2C1858&ssl=1","width":1465,"height":1858,"caption":"Themantic Education"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/facebook.com\/themanticeducation\/","https:\/\/youtube.com\/c\/themanticeducation\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/#\/schema\/person\/de20f76afd22df7d71e141ab515c0827","name":"Travis Dixon","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6ee7465953db9edfb653802c2423ee0be4456f3cf73a4ae4032bdda760a9a5e0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6ee7465953db9edfb653802c2423ee0be4456f3cf73a4ae4032bdda760a9a5e0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6ee7465953db9edfb653802c2423ee0be4456f3cf73a4ae4032bdda760a9a5e0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Travis Dixon"},"description":"Travis Dixon has been teaching for over 20 years and is an experienced IB Psychology, History and English teacher, author, workshop leader and examiner","url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/author\/tdixon\/"}]}},"yoast":{"focuskw":"chronic stress","title":"","metadesc":"Learn about the impact of stress on our bodies and how it can lead to cardiovascular disease. Find out ways to manage stress for a healthier life. #IBHealthPsychology.","linkdex":"","metakeywords":"","meta-robots-noindex":"","meta-robots-nofollow":"","meta-robots-adv":"","canonical":"","redirect":"","opengraph-title":"","opengraph-description":"","opengraph-image":"","twitter-title":"","twitter-description":"","twitter-image":""},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/bigstock-Cholesterol-plaque-in-artery-9088531.jpeg?fit=900%2C900&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":14146,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/06\/28\/key-study-stress-beliefs-and-health-problems-fischer-et-al-2016\/","url_meta":{"origin":14216,"position":0},"title":"Key Study: Stress beliefs and health problems (Fischer et al., 2016)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"06\/28\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The following information is adapted from our eBook: IB Health Psychology - A Revision Guide. Why do people develop physical health problems? One answer could be based on stress beliefs - if you think stress is bad you might be more likely to have health problems. This was one finding\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Health Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Health Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/health-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Young-woman-wearing-casual-clo-413030239.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Young-woman-wearing-casual-clo-413030239.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Young-woman-wearing-casual-clo-413030239.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Young-woman-wearing-casual-clo-413030239.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14175,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/07\/13\/key-study-subjective-social-status-and-stress-in-teenagers-rahal-et-al-2019\/","url_meta":{"origin":14216,"position":1},"title":"Key study: Subjective social status and stress in teenagers (Rahal et al. 2019)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"07\/13\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Social status is an important predictor of numerous mental and physical health problems. Generally speaking, the lower your social status, the more at risk you are for developing health problems, like chronic stress and heart disease. While socioeconomic status has been extensively researched, more modern studies are focusing on subjective\u00a0social\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Health Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Health Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/health-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/608c03e434af8d001859a1a2.jpeg?fit=700%2C525&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/608c03e434af8d001859a1a2.jpeg?fit=700%2C525&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/608c03e434af8d001859a1a2.jpeg?fit=700%2C525&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/608c03e434af8d001859a1a2.jpeg?fit=700%2C525&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14171,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/07\/13\/example-exam-essay-prevalence-rates-of-one-health-problem-ib-health-psychology\/","url_meta":{"origin":14216,"position":2},"title":"Example Exam Essay: Prevalence rates of one health problem (IB Health Psychology)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"07\/13\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Discussing \"prevalence rates\" is easy when you're writing about psychological disorders. That's because these disorders have standardized diagnoses. You can calculate a specific % of the population who have depression, for example, and that is your \"prevalence rate.\" It might be more difficult in Health Psychology. For some health problems\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Health Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Health Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/health-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/Bar-Chart-Success-Architecture-Bar-Graph-Business-3033199.jpeg?fit=960%2C540&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/Bar-Chart-Success-Architecture-Bar-Graph-Business-3033199.jpeg?fit=960%2C540&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/Bar-Chart-Success-Architecture-Bar-Graph-Business-3033199.jpeg?fit=960%2C540&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/07\/Bar-Chart-Success-Architecture-Bar-Graph-Business-3033199.jpeg?fit=960%2C540&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14144,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/06\/28\/cognitive-explanations-of-one-health-problem-appraisals-and-stress\/","url_meta":{"origin":14216,"position":3},"title":"Cognitive explanations of one health problem: Appraisals and stress","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"06\/28\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The following content is adapted from our eBook Stress: A Student's Guide for IB Health Psychology. Stress is one health problem that students could explain for IB Psychology's Paper Two. In this post we'll look at the most common cognitive explanation of stress - cognitive appraisals. Humans are different from\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Health Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Health Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/health-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Calm-Relaxing-Female-Office-Wo-411355009.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Calm-Relaxing-Female-Office-Wo-411355009.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Calm-Relaxing-Female-Office-Wo-411355009.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/bigstock-Calm-Relaxing-Female-Office-Wo-411355009.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13804,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/02\/10\/stress-and-the-hippocampus\/","url_meta":{"origin":14216,"position":4},"title":"Stress and the Hippocampus","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"02\/10\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The following is adapted from our eBook for Health Psychology: \"Stress and how to cope: A Health Psychology guide for IB Students\" (Available here). Not all of this content could make the final cut. So read on if you're interested in how your hippocampus could be causing\u00a0you stress.\u00a0 IB Psych\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Health Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Health Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/health-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/02\/bigstock-Failed-And-Stressed-Businessma-332997112.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/02\/bigstock-Failed-And-Stressed-Businessma-332997112.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/02\/bigstock-Failed-And-Stressed-Businessma-332997112.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/02\/bigstock-Failed-And-Stressed-Businessma-332997112.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14114,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/06\/22\/key-study-cognitive-appraisals-and-the-stress-response-lazarus-1963\/","url_meta":{"origin":14216,"position":5},"title":"Key Study: Cognitive appraisals and the stress response (Lazarus, 1963)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"06\/22\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The most influential cognitive explanation of stress is based on \"cognitive appraisals\" - how we assess the relevance and potential harm of a stressor. The following study is one of many that supports this explanation. Stress is a complex phenomenon that involves biological, psychological and environmental factors. Richard Lazarus was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cognitive Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/cognitive-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/a_clockwork_orange_torture2.jpeg?fit=877%2C534&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/a_clockwork_orange_torture2.jpeg?fit=877%2C534&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/a_clockwork_orange_torture2.jpeg?fit=877%2C534&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/06\/a_clockwork_orange_torture2.jpeg?fit=877%2C534&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14216"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14222,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14216\/revisions\/14222"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}