{"id":1295,"date":"2016-10-24T03:59:19","date_gmt":"2016-10-24T03:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/101psych.com\/?p=1295"},"modified":"2021-01-11T13:54:27","modified_gmt":"2021-01-11T04:54:27","slug":"experimental-designs-mp-is-rm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/24\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the design types in experiments?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Choosing the best research design for your experiment is an important part of the planning process. When conducting an experiment for the IB Psychology IA, you must think very carefully about which design is best for your purposes.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Experimental Designs (MP, IS, RM)<\/h2>\n<p>There are three design types of experiments:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Independent Samples<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Repeated Measures<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Matched Pairs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Independent Samples\u00a0<\/strong>is when the sample is divided into different groups. This means that not everyone will experience all conditions in the experiment.<\/p>\n<p>For example, in an experiment that tested the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/10\/09\/key-study-cortisol-and-memory-buchanan-and-lovallo-2001\/\">effects of cortisol on memory<\/a>, Buchanan and Lovallo randomly allocated their participants into two conditions. One group received a pill containing cortisol and the other group took a placebo. They did a memory experiment on them to see how the cortisol influenced their memories. The key benefit is that it controls for\u00a0<strong>order effects.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Repeated Measures <\/strong>is when the treatment is repeated for all participants. In other words, the participants experience all conditions of the experiment.<\/p>\n<p>An example of a repeated measures design was <a href=\"http:\/\/passamonti\">Passamonti et al.&#8217;s experiment<\/a> on reducing serotonin and its effects on the prefrontal cortex. In this study, participants came into the lab and consumed a drink that either reduced their serotonin levels (treatment condition) or had no effect whatsoever (control condition). They were then put in a lab and exposed to different images of faces to see how their prefrontal cortex would react. The visits to the lab were separated by one week to control for order effects. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2019\/10\/02\/ketamine-and-ptsd\/\">Feder et al.&#8217;s study on ketamine and PTSD<\/a> is another example.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Matched Pairs\u00a0<\/strong>design is quite similar to independent samples in one regard: the sample is divided. Participants are paired up with another participant based on some criteria and then they are separated so they are in a different group from their partner.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Maguire matched her participants in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2019\/02\/01\/key-study-london-taxi-drivers-vs-bus-drivers-maguire-2006\/\">study of London Bus drivers and Taxi drivers<\/a> to control for confounding variables like handedness, years of driving experience, age, education, etc.<\/p>\n<p>In his \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2019\/01\/15\/key-study-banduras-bobo-doll-1963\/\">bobo doll\u00a0experiments<\/a> to see if watching violence can cause children to be violent, Bandura used a matched pairs design by gathering lots of data on the children&#8217;s (i.e. participants&#8217;) pre-existing aggressive tendencies. They asked their parents and teachers for information and then used a scoring system to rate their aggressiveness. The children were then paired (not physically) with another child who had a similar rating and then put in different groups.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes:\u00a0<\/strong>Repeated measures is sometimes called &#8220;within subjects design&#8221; and independent samples is sometimes called &#8220;between subjects design&#8221; or &#8220;independent groups.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Choosing the best research design for your experiment is an important part of the planning process. When conducting an experiment for the IB Psychology IA, you must think very carefully about which design is best for your purposes.\u00a0 Experimental Designs (MP, IS, RM) There are three design types of experiments: Independent Samples Repeated Measures Matched Pairs Independent Samples\u00a0is when the &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/24\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internal-assessment-ib","category-research-methodology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are the design types in experiments? | The IB Psychology Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the best research design for your IB Psychology IA experiment. Understand the differences between Independent Samples, Repeated Measures, and Matched Pairs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/24\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the design types in experiments? | The IB Psychology Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the best research design for your IB Psychology IA experiment. Understand the differences between Independent Samples, Repeated Measures, and Matched Pairs.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2016\/10\/24\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The IB Psychology Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/themanticeducation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-24T03:59:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-11T04:54:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/10\/experiment.jpg?fit=1200%2C789&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"789\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Travis Dixon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Travis Dixon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Travis Dixon\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/de20f76afd22df7d71e141ab515c0827\"},\"headline\":\"What are the design types in experiments?\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-24T03:59:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-11T04:54:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":438,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/experiment.jpg?fit=1200%2C789&ssl=1\",\"articleSection\":[\"Internal Assessment (IB)\",\"Research Methodology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/\",\"name\":\"What are the design types in experiments? | The IB Psychology Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/24\\\/experimental-designs-mp-is-rm\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.themantic-education.com\\\/ibpsych\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/experiment.jpg?fit=1200%2C789&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-10-24T03:59:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-11T04:54:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"Discover the best research design for your IB Psychology IA experiment. 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Understand the differences between Independent Samples, Repeated Measures, and Matched Pairs.","linkdex":"","metakeywords":"","meta-robots-noindex":"","meta-robots-nofollow":"","meta-robots-adv":"","canonical":"","redirect":"","opengraph-title":"","opengraph-description":"","opengraph-image":"","twitter-title":"","twitter-description":"","twitter-image":""},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/10\/experiment.jpg?fit=1200%2C789&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":15930,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2026\/03\/06\/4-example-answers-on-the-class-practicals\/","url_meta":{"origin":1295,"position":0},"title":"4 Example Answers on the Class Practicals","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"03\/06\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"After analysing the IB's marked answers and writing my own, I created this acronym: RAM-PAC.\u00a0Will it work? 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These are hypothetical practicals\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Example Exam Answers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Example Exam Answers","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/example-exam-answers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/b45893e5-65f8-44d0-ad41-1f3d84f5b603-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/b45893e5-65f8-44d0-ad41-1f3d84f5b603-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/b45893e5-65f8-44d0-ad41-1f3d84f5b603-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/b45893e5-65f8-44d0-ad41-1f3d84f5b603-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/03\/b45893e5-65f8-44d0-ad41-1f3d84f5b603-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8695,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/10\/09\/key-study-cortisol-and-memory-buchanan-and-lovallo-2001\/","url_meta":{"origin":1295,"position":1},"title":"Key Study: Cortisol and Memory (Buchanan and Lovallo, 2001)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"10\/09\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"This study can be found in Chapter 4 of the Student's Guide. 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Animal studies, however, had shown the opposite: stress can improve memory. \u00a0This was the first study (at the time) that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Biological Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Biological Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/biological-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/10\/bigstock-147668222-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C756&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/10\/bigstock-147668222-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C756&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/10\/bigstock-147668222-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C756&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/10\/bigstock-147668222-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C756&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/10\/bigstock-147668222-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C756&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10662,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/02\/15\/lesson-idea-experimental-designs\/","url_meta":{"origin":1295,"position":2},"title":"Lesson Idea: Experimental Designs","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"02\/15\/2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The purpose of this activity is to help you learn about design choices experimenters have and to think about the benefits and limitations of using each design. 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It's a city in Florida\u00a0and\u00a0the secret to writing awesome answers in Question 4 (Paper 2)! 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