{"id":11538,"date":"2018-12-07T11:45:06","date_gmt":"2018-12-07T02:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/?p=11538"},"modified":"2019-01-24T14:46:14","modified_gmt":"2019-01-24T05:46:14","slug":"practice-paper-3-observation-of-hospitals-example-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/12\/07\/practice-paper-3-observation-of-hospitals-example-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"Practice Paper 3 &#8211; Observation of Hospitals &#8211; EXAMPLE ANSWERS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The following are some sample answers to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/12\/05\/practice-paper-3-observation-of-hospitals\/\">THIS PRACTICE PAPER THREE.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Paper Three: Example Answers <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>The following are example answers to the practice three paper found on pg.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>1.(a) Identify the research method used and outline two characteristics of the method.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>Method =\u00a0covert participant observation<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>Observations in qualitative studies like this one tend to happen in naturalistic environments, like hospitals.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>A participant observation involves the researcher becoming a member of the group they\u2019re observing (in this case they were a member of those needing treatment)<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>Covert observations are conducted without those being observed being made aware that they are being observed<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(b) Describe the sampling method used in the study.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>Method = purposive sampling<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>A purposive sample is a non-representative sampling method. In this case, it\u2019s not hoped that the sample represents all hospitals, but is only showing a small group in a particular area that have something in common.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>Purposive sampling is when researchers find participants because they have specific characteristics that are suitable for studying (in this case it was the hospitals and staff that were treating uninsured people)<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(c) Suggest an alternative or additional research method giving one reason for your choice.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">One possible additional method would be to conduct an interview after the observations.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">This could be done to triangulate findings \u2013 the researcher could double-check that her conclusions drawn from the observation are consistent with the perspectives of the staff and maybe other patients.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Having two methods reduces chance of researcher bias having an effect. For example, the researcher might have been biased when interpreting the hospital staff\u2019s behaviour and interviews give the staff a chance to share their experiences and perhaps explain their side of the story<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>Writing in bullet points is fine for Paper 3 answers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>2.Describe the ethical considerations in reporting the results and explain additional ethical considerations that could be taken into account when applying the findings of the study.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em><strong>Reporting the results <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>One consideration is anonymity. The researcher should keep the names of the hospitals (and any people, like Samuel) anonymous. This protects their privacy.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>A second consideration is disclosure. The researcher had experience in this field of study, so the ethical thing to do when reporting the results is to disclose this information so people are aware of the potential for bias in the study.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>A final consideration is the right to withdraw data. Sometimes researchers may give participants the opportunity to withdraw their data from a study. As these results could have significant effects on the hospital patients and staff, the researcher may have considered this before reporting the results. However, if the hospitals did withdraw their data that may be lots of time wasted and chances for improvement in hospitals could be missed, so it might be more ethical in the long-run to not offer them the chance to withdraw data.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Applying the findings<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">One possible ethical consideration in applying the findings is replicability \u2013 before the findings of this study are applied in any way, it should be replicated to make sure the findings are reliable. It could be considered unethical to make change to something as important as hospital care based on the outcome of one study.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">It could be argued that covert observations have ethical issues because participants don\u2019t know they\u2019re being observed. However, they can be justified if the findings can be applied to make people\u2019s lives better. In this case, if findings from this study are applied to improve the care of marginalized people, then the covert observation is justified.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">The right to withdraw \u2013 these findings may be used to make changes to how the hospitals are organized. It might be an ethical consideration to have the hospitals allowed to withdraw their data from this study if they do not want to be involved in this (but this has other ethical implications \u2013 is it OK to withdraw from studies if they show negative results?)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Another possibility is cultural considerations \u2013 if the findings of this study are being applied in other cultures, cultural differences need to be taken into consideration or else the applications might make things worse.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.Discuss the possibility of generalizing\/transferring the findings of the study. [9]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>There are a number of possible factors that influence the transferability of the finding of this study, including triangulation, the nature of the sample and bias. Transferability is the extent to which we can transfer the findings from one study to another context.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>Firstly, there was only one researcher, although she did gather data from multiple perspectives. Using a combination of methods can increase validity of findings and influence the transferability. In this case she made observations and also carried out informal interviews with people like Samuel. Gathering data from a number of sources like this could increase the accuracy of the findings and thus influence transferability.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>On the other hand, the sampling method was non-representative sampling (purposive sampling) so there is no original intent of generalizing. The sample was very small (only 9 hospitals \u2013 only 1 interview reported), and usually the larger the sample size the more likely it is to generalize the findings. The study also took place in New York City. This is a unique city in a particular country and it might not be possible to transfer findings across other cultures. For example, NYC is a very racially and ethnically diverse city. This means that there is a high probability people are interacting with people from different racial groups. The same bad treatment might not occur in more racially homogenous cities were people are more similar to one-another. NYC is also a very large city. Studies have shown (e.g. Levine) that bigger cities are less helpful than those in smaller areas so these same results might not be expected in a smaller place. America is also an individualistic country, so perhaps treatment for people might be better in collectivist cultures where there is more concern for the welfare of the group and group harmony. These are all factors that influence generalizability.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>Finally, there was a real chance for researcher bias to influence these results as the researcher had \u201clong been concerned about inequities in the allocation and distribution of health care resources.\u201d This may affect the accuracy of her findings and conclusions, which affects transferability. Having a second researcher observing and triangulating the findings could have reduced bias and improved the possibility of transferring these findings to different contexts.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><em>In conclusion, triangulation, bias and the nature of the sample are all factors to consider when assessing generalizability of this study. (400 words, approx.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>These were sample answers to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/12\/05\/practice-paper-3-observation-of-hospitals\/\">THIS PRACTICE PAPER THREE.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following are some sample answers to THIS PRACTICE PAPER THREE. Paper Three: Example Answers \u00a0The following are example answers to the practice three paper found on pg. \u00a01.(a) Identify the research method used and outline two characteristics of the method. Method =\u00a0covert participant observation Observations in qualitative studies like this one tend to happen in naturalistic environments, like hospitals. &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2018\/12\/07\/practice-paper-3-observation-of-hospitals-example-answers\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,27,29,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-assessment-ib","category-qualitative-research-methods","category-research-methodology","category-revision-and-exam-preparation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Practice Paper 3 - Observation of Hospitals - EXAMPLE ANSWERS | The IB Psychology Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover sample answers to Practice Paper Three with in-depth analysis of research methods, sampling techniques, and ethical considerations. 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Method = covert participant observation (1 mark) participant observations involve the researcher becoming a member of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Assessment (IB)&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Assessment (IB)","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/assessment-ib\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/12\/time-481447_960_720.jpg?fit=960%2C678&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/12\/time-481447_960_720.jpg?fit=960%2C678&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/12\/time-481447_960_720.jpg?fit=960%2C678&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/12\/time-481447_960_720.jpg?fit=960%2C678&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":16015,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2026\/03\/20\/example-answer-unseen-study-analysis\/","url_meta":{"origin":11538,"position":2},"title":"Example Answer &#8211; Unseen Study Analysis","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"03\/20\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Here's an example answer for the unseen study analysis in Paper 2 (Section B). 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In order to complete this activity you need know about the different observation methods. You can read more about those observations here. It is important for Paper 3 answers that you can apply your knowledge to examples of research. 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