{"id":10580,"date":"2017-12-05T11:14:54","date_gmt":"2017-12-05T02:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibpsych.themantic-education.com\/?p=10580"},"modified":"2017-12-05T11:14:54","modified_gmt":"2017-12-05T02:14:54","slug":"schema-theory-and-stereotypes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/12\/05\/schema-theory-and-stereotypes\/","title":{"rendered":"Schema Theory and Stereotypes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>One way to explain how stereotypes are formed is to use the claims of schema theory. To recap, schema theory argues that we organize information in our mind by unconsciously creating categories (these categories are the schemas). We do this because we encounter millions of units of information on a daily basis and if we didn&#8217;t simplify this information into easily comprehensible categories (schemas), we&#8217;d burn ourselves out and our cognitive energy would be drained. So according to schema theorists, one of the primary functions of schemas is to allow us to make generalizations about people, places and things. Making these generalizations makes it easier to understand and make sense of new information we process. This includes making generalizations about groups of people.<\/p>\n<p>From this summary of schema theory, it should be rather straightforward to see how this could explain stereotypes. After all, stereotypes are <em>widely held\u00a0<\/em><em>generalizations about a group of people.<\/em> Therefore, schema theory can explain the formation of stereotypes by arguing that we naturally categorize people into groups and we make generalizations about the characteristics of those groups so that it makes it less cognitively demanding (easier) think about the individuals we meet on a daily basis. For example, it&#8217;s cognitively easier for me to think about Asians as being good at math, rather than thinking that there&#8217;s as much variation in math abilities in Asian people as in any other racial group.<\/p>\n<p>But where do these schemas about groups of people (the stereotypes) come from in the first place? The above explanation can give a reason <em>why<\/em> they occur, but it doesn&#8217;t necessarily explain\u00a0<em>how.\u00a0<\/em>In fact, the origin of schemas isn&#8217;t straightforward and is the source of much debate among cognitive and social psychologists. For a good explanation of\u00a0<em>how\u00a0<\/em>stereotypes form, I recommend investigating the out-group homogeneity effect (See pg. 164-65 of\u00a0<em>IB Psychology: A Student&#8217;s Guide).\u00a0<\/em>By combining schema theory and the out-group homogeneity effect, you can develop a well-developed explanation of the formation of stereotypes.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Schema theory is one piece of research that can be used to explain the formation of stereotypes. Another is to look at the out-group homogeneity effect, as shown in Park and Rothbart&#8217;s (1982) study on sorority girls (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/12\/04\/key-study-stereotypes-social-identity-theory-and-the-out-group-homogeneity-effect-park-and-rothbart-1982\/\">Read more<\/a>).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One way to explain how stereotypes are formed is to use the claims of schema theory. To recap, schema theory argues that we organize information in our mind by unconsciously creating categories (these categories are the schemas). We do this because we encounter millions of units of information on a daily basis and if we didn&#8217;t simplify this information into &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/12\/05\/schema-theory-and-stereotypes\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rs_blank_template":"","rs_page_bg_color":"","slide_template_v7":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-and-cultural-psychology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schema Theory and Stereotypes | The IB Psychology Blog<\/title>\n<meta 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But once you understand it, you'll see the effects of schema everywhere. In this post, we'll break down the theory step-by-step.\u00a0 What is schema theory? Schema theory\u2019s central claim is that our knowledge of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cognitive Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/cognitive-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/11\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10604,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/12\/10\/schema-theory-teaching-resources\/","url_meta":{"origin":10580,"position":1},"title":"Schema Theory Teaching Resources","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"12\/10\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The first topic in Social Influence Part II (support pack coming soon) is Schema Theory. This topic comes after learning about SIT and the out-group homogeneity effect as the latter is closely related to schema theory, an both topics deal with stereotypes. Here's the first pages of the student workbook\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cognitive Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/cognitive-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-135115547.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":10594,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2017\/12\/09\/lesson-ideas-schema-theory\/","url_meta":{"origin":10580,"position":2},"title":"Lesson Ideas: Schema Theory","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"12\/09\/2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The first step in teaching schema theory is getting students to comprehend the abstract concept of \"schemas\" in the first place. In my experience, takes a couple of lessons at least. In our ThemEd Facebook group for IB Psychology Teachers (Join Here) I recently asked our members for some help\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cognitive Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/cognitive-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-lights-of-thought-203503852.jpg?fit=900%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-lights-of-thought-203503852.jpg?fit=900%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-lights-of-thought-203503852.jpg?fit=900%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2017\/12\/bigstock-lights-of-thought-203503852.jpg?fit=900%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13081,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2020\/07\/28\/key-study-schema-theory-the-superwoman-self-schema\/","url_meta":{"origin":10580,"position":3},"title":"Key Study: Schema Theory &#038; the Superwoman Self-schema","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"07\/28\/2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Schema theory is one of the most important theories in cognitive psychology, but it can also be one of the more difficult theories to understand. The best way, I've found, to understand schema theory is to look at as many real-life examples as possible. In this post, we'll look at\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cognitive Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/cognitive-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/bigstock-women-s-power-and-people-conce-364656880.jpg?fit=900%2C605&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/bigstock-women-s-power-and-people-conce-364656880.jpg?fit=900%2C605&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/bigstock-women-s-power-and-people-conce-364656880.jpg?fit=900%2C605&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/bigstock-women-s-power-and-people-conce-364656880.jpg?fit=900%2C605&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14430,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2021\/10\/15\/key-study-the-office-schema-study-brewer-and-treyens-1981\/","url_meta":{"origin":10580,"position":4},"title":"Key Study: The Office Schema Study (Brewer and Treyens, 1981)","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"10\/15\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Our life's memories are filed away in our long-term memory and our mind categories these into clusters, which we call schema. These schema then affect how we process new information and remember old information. At least, these are the claims of schema theory. In this post we'll look at how\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cognitive Psychology&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cognitive Psychology","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/cognitive-psychology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/computer-2562651_1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/computer-2562651_1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/computer-2562651_1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/computer-2562651_1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/10\/computer-2562651_1920.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14598,"url":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/2022\/12\/05\/essay-introductions-how-to-write-the-perfect-essay-introduction-for-ib-psych-exams\/","url_meta":{"origin":10580,"position":5},"title":"Essay Introductions: How to write the perfect essay introduction for IB Psych exams.","author":"Travis Dixon","date":"12\/05\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"This post will show you four easy steps you can apply to any\u00a0exam question to write the perfect introduction. Scroll to the bottom for a simple practice tip. First impressions matter, especially in your IB exams. You're writing essays in IB Psych to show what an excellent psychologist you are,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Revision and Exam Preparation&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Revision and Exam Preparation","link":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/category\/revision-and-exam-preparation\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/12\/bigstock-Editing-Essay-Content-On-Paper-448474738.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/12\/bigstock-Editing-Essay-Content-On-Paper-448474738.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/12\/bigstock-Editing-Essay-Content-On-Paper-448474738.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/12\/bigstock-Editing-Essay-Content-On-Paper-448474738.jpeg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10580"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10580\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.themantic-education.com\/ibpsych\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}